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Utilities Tech Outlook | Wednesday, December 08, 2021
Wastewater treatment and energy production using microbial fuel cells are two critical industrial sectors with room for improvement in terms of sustainability and green credentials.
FREMONT CA: Lately, there has been an increase in research into the industrial applications of microbial fuel cells. These innovative devices generate electricity through the oxidation of organic matter, accomplished through exoelectrogenic bacteria. The bacteria held on to the anode, which is possibly linked to the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode of the fuel cell. This generates electricity.
The majority of current microbial fuel cell research is conducted in laboratory and bench-scale reactors. Furthermore, research has primarily focused on synthetic wastewaters, which do not accurately represent real-world wastewaters. The need for pilot-scale demonstrations of microbial fuel cells that treat real waste streams is growing. If the technology got commercialized, it must demonstrate sufficient performance.
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Scalability is a significant challenge in the design of microbial fuel cells for industrial applications. This is due to the need to achieve dense electrode packing while increasing the reactor's capacity to maximize performance. If the specific surface area of the electrode is not maintained during scale-up, volumetric power densities suffer greatly. Maintaining sufficient electrode packing, on the other hand, necessitates the use of electrodes that can withstand high water pressure to avoid flooding of both the cathode and its chamber.
Previous pilot-scale microbial fuel cells were only capable of aerating wastewater. As it consumes half of the energy used in the treatment plant, this process is unsuitable for wastewater treatment and energy recovery.
Direct air cathodes can help microbial fuel cells use less energy, but research into this technology in microbial fuel cells has been complex so far. Leakage and flooding of the cathode and cathode chamber occur when the reactor volume and electrode dimensions increase. The pilot project's capital costs were increased dramatically because the largest direct-air cathode reactor used expensive precious metal catalysts.
In recent years, a novel cathode that uses activated carbon in a window-pane architecture with the cathodes contained in a stainless-steel frame has developed. The cathode was able to withstand higher water levels than traditional cathodes and produced a maximum power density comparable to smaller laboratory-scale microbial fuel cells.
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